INTRODUCTION:
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health and human rights issue in Africa. Despite numerous initiatives and legislative measures, IPV continues to be deeply rooted in sociocultural norms, affecting both social and economic progress in Nigeria. Hence, this study utilizes the socio-ecological model to analyze trends and factors associated with IPV among women of reproductive age in Nigeria from 2008 to 2018.

METHODS:
The study was an analytical cross-sectional study that utilized secondary datasets from the 2008, 2013, and 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys. A weighted sample of 47015 women of reproductive age was included in this study. The analysis was conducted using Stata. Multilevel regression analysis was applied, and the results were presented as adjusted odds ratios (aOR), along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and p-values to indicate the statistical significance of the findings.

RESULTS:
The overall prevalence of IPV in Nigeria from 2008 to 2018 was 25.94% [95% CI: 25.11%-26.80%]. The average prevalence of emotional violence was 21.82% [95% CI: 21.03%-22.63%], whereas that of physical violence was 11.35% [95% CI: 10.86%-11.85%], and sexual violence was 3.53% [95% CI: 3.29%-3.80%]. Significant risk factors associated with IPV included education, marital status, employment, parity, mass media, ethnicity, family type, geopolitical zone, community literacy, and the survey year.

CONCLUSIONS:
The most common type of violence reported was emotional abuse. These findings highlight the multi-faceted factors contributing to IPV. To effectively address this issue, it is necessary to implement targeted, multi-faceted strategies that focus on educational inequities, economic conditions, cultural practices, and regional disparities, with a strong focus on prevention to halt the rising trend of violence.