A new generic Health-Related Quality of Life measure for very young children: preliminary evidence from the EuroQol Toddler and Infant Populations (EQ-TIPS-5L)
1
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
2
Melbourne Health Economics, Centre for Health Policy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
3
Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics Department of the Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
4
Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
5
Department of Health Economics and Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
6
EuroQol Research Foundation, Rotterdam, Netherlands
7
Department of Health Policy, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
8
Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
Popul. Med. 2026;8(Supplement Supplement 1):
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
The EQ-TIPS is an experimental, proxy-reported generic health measure for children aged 0-47-months. Version 3.0 assesses seven dimensions: movement (MVT), eating/drinking (EAT), sleep (SL), pain (PN), managing emotions (EMO), interacting with others (INT), and play (PL).
METHODS:
A multinational study recruited caregivers of children with acute or chronic conditions and the general population. Preliminary analysis assessed the frequency of reporting EQ-TIPS-5L ‘no problem’ by dimension and total. Known-group validity compared health condition and general population groups using Level Sum Scores (LSS) (7-35) and EQ VAS (0-100), with Cohen’s d effect size. Pearson’s correlations were calculated with EQ VAS for dimensions and LSS. Reliability for a subset of 217 stable participants (reporting ‘about the same’ health two weeks later) was calculated with Gwet’s AC and ICC.
RESULTS:
Caregivers from Australia (55%), Argentina (32%), Singapore (10%), and Germany (2%) provided data for 1745 children. The sample was balanced across age groups (0-11-months: 26%; 12-23-months: 24%; 24-35-months: 21%; 36-47-months: 29%), and gender (males: 52%). Most children had a health condition (70%). ‘No problems’ was reported in total for 23% of children with health conditions, with dimension-specific rates ranging from 55% (EMO) to 76% (PL). These rates were significantly lower than those of the general population. LSS and VAS revealed medium (d = 0.63) and large (d = -0.81) effect sizes between the health condition and general population groups. Correlations with the EQ VAS were low for SL and EMO, but moderate for all other dimensions and LSS. Test-retest agreement was moderate to substantial for EMO, SL and INT, almost perfect for the other dimensions, and strong for both LSS and EQ VAS.
CONCLUSIONS:
The experimental EQ-TIPS-5L shows promising performance as a generic health measure for infants and toddlers, based on a multi-country study including a range of age groups and health conditions.
The EQ-TIPS is an experimental, proxy-reported generic health measure for children aged 0-47-months. Version 3.0 assesses seven dimensions: movement (MVT), eating/drinking (EAT), sleep (SL), pain (PN), managing emotions (EMO), interacting with others (INT), and play (PL).
METHODS:
A multinational study recruited caregivers of children with acute or chronic conditions and the general population. Preliminary analysis assessed the frequency of reporting EQ-TIPS-5L ‘no problem’ by dimension and total. Known-group validity compared health condition and general population groups using Level Sum Scores (LSS) (7-35) and EQ VAS (0-100), with Cohen’s d effect size. Pearson’s correlations were calculated with EQ VAS for dimensions and LSS. Reliability for a subset of 217 stable participants (reporting ‘about the same’ health two weeks later) was calculated with Gwet’s AC and ICC.
RESULTS:
Caregivers from Australia (55%), Argentina (32%), Singapore (10%), and Germany (2%) provided data for 1745 children. The sample was balanced across age groups (0-11-months: 26%; 12-23-months: 24%; 24-35-months: 21%; 36-47-months: 29%), and gender (males: 52%). Most children had a health condition (70%). ‘No problems’ was reported in total for 23% of children with health conditions, with dimension-specific rates ranging from 55% (EMO) to 76% (PL). These rates were significantly lower than those of the general population. LSS and VAS revealed medium (d = 0.63) and large (d = -0.81) effect sizes between the health condition and general population groups. Correlations with the EQ VAS were low for SL and EMO, but moderate for all other dimensions and LSS. Test-retest agreement was moderate to substantial for EMO, SL and INT, almost perfect for the other dimensions, and strong for both LSS and EQ VAS.
CONCLUSIONS:
The experimental EQ-TIPS-5L shows promising performance as a generic health measure for infants and toddlers, based on a multi-country study including a range of age groups and health conditions.
| eISSN: | 2654-1459 |
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