Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy using Framingham and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk scores: a cross-sectional study
1
Pharmacy Practice, DPGU School of Pharmacy and Research, Pimpri, Pune, India
Popul. Med. 2026;8(Supplement Supplement 1):
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT:
introduction people living with HIV have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to chronic inflammation and long-term exposure to antiretroviral therapy (ART). early cardiovascular risk assessment using validated prediction models is essential for timely prevention. methods a cross-sectional study was conducted over 6 months from november 2024 to april 2025 at a tertiary HIV care center in pune india. a total of 150 HIV-positive patients aged 20 to 75 years receiving ART were included. the study population consisted of 62 females and 88 males. cardiovascular risk was assessed using the framingham 10-year cardiovascular risk score and the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk calculators. statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, pearson correlation and independent t-tests with significance set at p < 0.05. results the mean framingham 10-year cardiovascular risk score among the study population was 11.4. the mean ASCVD lifetime cardiovascular risk was 44.5, while the mean ASCVD 10-year risk score was 8.2. ASCVD risk tools classified a greater proportion of patients into higher risk categories compared to the framingham score, indicating variability in risk estimation across models. framingham 10-year risk demonstrated a significant positive association with increasing age, total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05). ART duration also showed a positive relationship with cardiovascular risk. gender-based analysis revealed significantly higher cardiovascular risk among male patients compared to females (88 males vs62 females), with males demonstrating higher risk scores across both framingham and ASCVD models (p < 0.05). these findings indicate the presence of measurable cardiovascular risk in HIV patients on ART even in the absence of established cardiovascular disease. conclusions this study demonstrates a substantial cardiovascular risk burden among HIV-positive patients receiving ART. differences between framingham and ASCVD scores suggest that reliance on a single traditional risk tool may underestimate risk. routine cardiovascular risk screening should be integrated
introduction people living with HIV have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to chronic inflammation and long-term exposure to antiretroviral therapy (ART). early cardiovascular risk assessment using validated prediction models is essential for timely prevention. methods a cross-sectional study was conducted over 6 months from november 2024 to april 2025 at a tertiary HIV care center in pune india. a total of 150 HIV-positive patients aged 20 to 75 years receiving ART were included. the study population consisted of 62 females and 88 males. cardiovascular risk was assessed using the framingham 10-year cardiovascular risk score and the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk calculators. statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, pearson correlation and independent t-tests with significance set at p < 0.05. results the mean framingham 10-year cardiovascular risk score among the study population was 11.4. the mean ASCVD lifetime cardiovascular risk was 44.5, while the mean ASCVD 10-year risk score was 8.2. ASCVD risk tools classified a greater proportion of patients into higher risk categories compared to the framingham score, indicating variability in risk estimation across models. framingham 10-year risk demonstrated a significant positive association with increasing age, total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05). ART duration also showed a positive relationship with cardiovascular risk. gender-based analysis revealed significantly higher cardiovascular risk among male patients compared to females (88 males vs62 females), with males demonstrating higher risk scores across both framingham and ASCVD models (p < 0.05). these findings indicate the presence of measurable cardiovascular risk in HIV patients on ART even in the absence of established cardiovascular disease. conclusions this study demonstrates a substantial cardiovascular risk burden among HIV-positive patients receiving ART. differences between framingham and ASCVD scores suggest that reliance on a single traditional risk tool may underestimate risk. routine cardiovascular risk screening should be integrated
| eISSN: | 2654-1459 |
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