Determinants of hepatitis b vaccine uptake among senior secondary school students
1
Cancer Health Initiative, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
2
Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria
Popul. Med. 2026;8(Supplement Supplement 1):
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT:
Hepatitis B is a significant public health challenge in Nigeria, with adolescent vaccination rates remaining low despite its preventable nature. Understanding factors influencing vaccine uptake is critical for effective interventions. This study examined the determinants of hepatitis B vaccine uptake among senior secondary school students in Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC), Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria.
OBJECTIVES:
The study aimed to determine hepatitis B vaccination status, assess risk perception of infection, evaluate knowledge about the vaccine, and identify socio-demographic characteristics, barriers, and facilitators influencing uptake among students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 198 senior secondary school students in AMAC. Data on vaccination status, knowledge, risk perception, and socio-demographic factors were collected and analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression to identify associations and predictors of vaccine uptake. Only 12.6% of students reported receiving the hepatitis B vaccine. Knowledge levels were moderate (mean score: 41.5, SD: 21.6), with 54.0% in the highest knowledge category. Risk perception was evenly distributed (low: 29.3%, moderate: 28.8%, high: 28.8%), but showed no significant association with uptake (chi-square p=0.1286). Chi-square analyses revealed significant associations with gender, vaccine awareness, and knowing someone with hepatitis B, while other socio-demographic factors were non-significant due to wide confidence intervals. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that awareness of the vaccine (AOR = 3.85, p = 0.011) and knowing a family member (AOR = 5.60, p = 0.007) or friend (AOR = 4.85, p = 0.027). Key barriers included lack of parental permission (23.0%) and fear of side effects (21.0%), while facilitators were parental support (26.1%) and free school vaccinations (24.1%). Low vaccine uptake highlights the need for targeted interventions. Recommendations include school-based vaccination programs, parental education campaigns emphasizing vaccine safety and personal stories of hepatitis B’s impact, and community advocacy to address barriers and leverage facilitators, enhancing uptake among AMAC students.
Hepatitis B is a significant public health challenge in Nigeria, with adolescent vaccination rates remaining low despite its preventable nature. Understanding factors influencing vaccine uptake is critical for effective interventions. This study examined the determinants of hepatitis B vaccine uptake among senior secondary school students in Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC), Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria.
OBJECTIVES:
The study aimed to determine hepatitis B vaccination status, assess risk perception of infection, evaluate knowledge about the vaccine, and identify socio-demographic characteristics, barriers, and facilitators influencing uptake among students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 198 senior secondary school students in AMAC. Data on vaccination status, knowledge, risk perception, and socio-demographic factors were collected and analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression to identify associations and predictors of vaccine uptake. Only 12.6% of students reported receiving the hepatitis B vaccine. Knowledge levels were moderate (mean score: 41.5, SD: 21.6), with 54.0% in the highest knowledge category. Risk perception was evenly distributed (low: 29.3%, moderate: 28.8%, high: 28.8%), but showed no significant association with uptake (chi-square p=0.1286). Chi-square analyses revealed significant associations with gender, vaccine awareness, and knowing someone with hepatitis B, while other socio-demographic factors were non-significant due to wide confidence intervals. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that awareness of the vaccine (AOR = 3.85, p = 0.011) and knowing a family member (AOR = 5.60, p = 0.007) or friend (AOR = 4.85, p = 0.027). Key barriers included lack of parental permission (23.0%) and fear of side effects (21.0%), while facilitators were parental support (26.1%) and free school vaccinations (24.1%). Low vaccine uptake highlights the need for targeted interventions. Recommendations include school-based vaccination programs, parental education campaigns emphasizing vaccine safety and personal stories of hepatitis B’s impact, and community advocacy to address barriers and leverage facilitators, enhancing uptake among AMAC students.
| eISSN: | 2654-1459 |
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