INTRODUCTION:
The health digitalization has the potential to expand access, quality, and efficiency of care, especially for historically excluded populations, contributing to the strengthening of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). Technologies such as electronic health records and telehealth are central axes of the Brazilian Digital Health Strategy. However, technical, ethical, political, and social challenges, intensified by structural inequalities, may compromise equity, the exercise of citizenship, and the guarantee of rights. This study analyzed the potentialities and limits of digital health in Primary Health Care (PHC), from the perspective of equity, inclusion, and citizenship.

METHODS:
This is a bibliographic review guided by the following question: what are the potentialities and challenges of digital health in PHC and its implications for equity, inclusion, and citizenship? Searches were conducted in the SciELO, LILACS, and BVS databases, as well as in books and texts by reference authors, considering their thematic relevance. The analysis was structured around the following categories: technological and care-related potentialities; operational challenges; digital equity and inclusion; and ethical, political, and social aspects related to citizenship.

RESULTS:
Digital health in PHC can contribute to reducing inequalities and strengthening citizenship by expanding remote access to services, integrating clinical data, qualifying professional practices, and improving care management. Telehealth stands out as a strategy to support care for populations in situations of vulnerability. However, significant challenges persist, including socioeconomic and technological inequalities, low digital literacy, barriers to access to information and communication, interoperability limitations, risks to data privacy, and cultural obstacles, which undermine equity and the full exercise of citizenship.

CONCLUSIONS:
Despite its potential, the effectiveness of digital health in PHC requires investments in infrastructure, interoperability, digital inclusion, professional training, information governance, and social participation, as well as ethical, political, and participatory approaches to ensure equity and social justice in health digital transformation.