BACKGROUND:
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of psychological treatment for depression, and anxiety disorders among different patients. Despite this finding, there is a lack of evidence on the effectiveness of CBT among common pulmonary diseases patients. Therefore, this review aimed to examine the effectiveness of CBT among TB and COPD patients.

METHODS:
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria were employed in the execution of this systematic review and meta-analysis. We have used PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Webs of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar as part of our search strategy between 2004 and 2024. Two authors were individually screened and retrieved articles assessed the quality of study and risk of bias. RevMan version 5.4 software was used for meta-analysis.

RESULTS:
In this meta-analysis a total of 11 randomized control trial studies were included with a total 2166 TB and COPD patients. A meta-analysis shows there was a significant improvement in depression (ES=-0.41; 95%CI:-0.62, -0.19, anxiety (ES=-0.56; 95%CI:-0.99, -0.14), and quality of life (ES=-0.84; 95%CI:-1.62, -0.05). CBT was also effective for improving dyspnea, fatigue and emotional functioning. Subgroup analysis indicated a difference in effectiveness of CBT across, frequency of sessions, duration of intervention, mode of delivery, intervention provider, measurement tool and types of group. There were no indication of publication bias, and funnel plot was symmetric distribution for all outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:
This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that cognitive behavioral therapy was an effective treatment options for reducing depression and anxiety symptoms, and improving quality of life and treatment adherence among common pulmonary diseases (TB and COPD) patients. So for clinical practice, CBT should be considered as supplementary therapy with usual treatment for TB and COPD patients, in pulmonary rehabilitation and TB outpatient clinics.