INTRODUCTION:
The 2030 Agenda proposes the construction of sustainable development based on equity, inclusion, and the guarantee of human rights, articulating, among others, the Sustainable Development Goals related to zero hunger (SDG 2), health and well-being (SDG 3), the reduction of inequalities (SDG 10), and responsible consumption and production (SDG 12). However, the contemporary organization of global food systems reveals profound contradictions between these normative commitments and the economic dynamics that structure food production, circulation, and consumption. This study seeks to analyze food as a central political frontier for the realization of health without borders.

METHODS:
This is a theoretical discussion based on the dialectical method, drawing on a critical analysis of Agenda 2030 documents, international reports, and references from public health, social sciences, and human rights. It seeks to identify structural contradictions between the normative universalism of rights and the economic and territorial particularities that organize food production, access, and consumption, whether on a local or even global scale.

RESULTS:
It was evident that, although Agenda 2030 recognizes adequate food as a structural axis of sustainable development, food systems oriented by processes of commodification, economic concentration, and socio-environmental degradation still prevail. This creates invisible barriers that limit equitable access to food and negatively impact health indicators, contributing to food insecurity and widening health inequalities. On the other hand, counter-hegemonic practices are emerging, such as food sovereignty and intersectoral policies, which challenge the dominant logic.

CONCLUSIONS:
It is concluded that the implementation of the 2030 Agenda depends on the recognition of food as a strategic field of ethical, political, and economic dispute. Overcoming health inequalities requires intersectoral and dialectical approaches that integrate nutrition, human rights, and sustainability, reaffirming the role of the State and civil society in building fair and inclusive food systems.