BACKGROUND:
HPV vaccination in Brazil faces challenges that transcend the biomedical field. Beyond mere misinformation, vaccine hesitancy is rooted in a historical legacy of mistrust and a contemporary biopolitical dispute. This study explores how the child's body has become a territory of conflict between State health policies and parental sovereignty, intensified by moral panics and political polarization.

METHODS:
A qualitative study was conducted using a critical-interpretative approach based on biopolitics. The research analyzed narratives of vaccine hesitancy in digital environments and official documents related to HPV immunization campaigns in Brazil. The analysis focused on the shift from technical-scientific discourse to moral and political confrontations during the 2022-2023 period.

RESULTS:
The findings indicate that resistance to the HPV vaccine does not stem solely from an informational deficit but from a crisis of institutional trust. Radical right-wing discourses reframe the vaccine as a threat to family integrity. Moral panics regarding "early sexualization" are used to justify the rejection of biomedical authority. In digital networks, the child's body is portrayed as a sacred private domain against State intervention. Data show that coverage rates remain below the target of 90.0% for both doses among adolescents.

CONCLUSIONS:
Addressing hesitancy requires strategies that consider the affective and political dimensions of trust. To overcome the legacy of mistrust, it is essential to reconstruct the dialogue between science and society, acknowledging the biopolitical complexities that shape health decisions in the post-factual era.