INTRODUCTION:
Climate change increasingly shapes migration patterns worldwide, exposing affected populations to diverse health risks. While research on climate-related mobility has expanded, the specific health needs of climate migrants – and the social and structural pathways through which mobility influences health – remain poorly understood.

METHODS:
This scoping review synthesises empirical evidence on the health outcomes associated with climate-related mobility. Three databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science) were systematically searched for studies published between 2010 and 2023. 57 studies were included in the final analysis.

RESULTS:
Across 27 countries, most included studies focus on rapid-onset hazards such as floods, hurricanes, and cyclones, which are primarily linked to internal displacement or evacuation, while slow-onset processes (e.g., drought, erosion) more often underpin relocation with varying degrees of government involvement, as well as rural-urban and labour migration. Reported health outcomes are predominantly mental health disorders (anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress), followed by infectious and non-communicable diseases. Mapping results onto an adapted World Health Organisation (WHO) social determinants of health framework reveals how policy gaps, under-resourced and uneven health systems, and structural discrimination, interact with equity stratifiers – including migrant status, gender, class, and ethnicity – to shape health via material, psychosocial, behavioural and biological, physical-exposure, and access-to-care pathways.

CONCLUSIONS:
Health outcomes of climate mobility are highly context-dependent. Migration can function as both an adaptive and maladaptive response to climate stress. Strengthening migrant-inclusive, climate-resilient health systems and preventive, community-led policy responses is essential to ensure that climate mobility supports, rather than undermines, health equity.