Indoor and Outdoor Air Quality Exposure among Drug-Resistant and Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis Patients in Ibadan, Nigeria
1
Department of Public Health, McPherson University, Seriki Sotayo, Nigeria
2
Department of Health Promotion and Community Services, Blue Gate Public Health Promotion Initiative, Ibadan, Nigeria
3
Public Health and Biological Sciences, Blue Gate Research Institute, Ibadan, Nigeria
Popul. Med. 2026;8(Supplement Supplement 1):A626
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION:
Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) is an increasing public health concern, with poor air quality recognised as an important factor in tuberculosis transmission. However, limited evidence exists comparing indoor and outdoor air pollutant exposure among Drug-Resistant and Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis (DS-TB) patients. This study was therefore designed to ascertain the differences in concentration and distribution of air pollutants in the households of DS and DR-TB patients.
METHODS:
A comparative cross-sectional design was employed among 68 tuberculosis patients (34 DR-TB and 34 DS-TB) receiving treatment in selected tuberculosis facilities. An air quality gas analyser was used for in-situ measurements of indoor and outdoor temperature, humidity, Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Total Volatile Organic Compound (TVOC), Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2), and Air quality index (AQI). Descriptive statistics and t-tests were used for this comparative analysis.
RESULTS:
The mean of PM2.5 levels was significantly higher in the DR-TB group (46.12 µg/m³) compared to the DS-TB group (29.12 µg/m³) (p= 0.009). Similarly, PM10 levels also showed a significant difference (58.79 µg/m³ for DR-TB vs. 37.18 µg/m³ for DS-TB, p=0.023). Outdoor air quality metrics also revealed significant differences between the two groups, with DR-TB respondents experiencing higher PM2.5 (78.94 µg/m³) and PM10 (102.41 µg/m³) levels compared to DS-TB respondents (38.74 µg/m³ and 51.35 µg/m³, respectively). When comparing the measured air quality levels with established safety standards, both indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and PM10 levels exceeded the recommended limits (15 µg/m³ for PM2.5 and 45 µg/m³ for PM10) for both DR-TB and DS-TB groups.
CONCLUSIONS:
This study found that DR-TB patients were exposed to significantly higher indoor and outdoor particulate matter levels, with PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀ concentrations exceeding recommended safety limits among both DR-TB and DS-TB patients. Integrating air quality intervention into TB prevention and control programmes is strongly recommended.
Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) is an increasing public health concern, with poor air quality recognised as an important factor in tuberculosis transmission. However, limited evidence exists comparing indoor and outdoor air pollutant exposure among Drug-Resistant and Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis (DS-TB) patients. This study was therefore designed to ascertain the differences in concentration and distribution of air pollutants in the households of DS and DR-TB patients.
METHODS:
A comparative cross-sectional design was employed among 68 tuberculosis patients (34 DR-TB and 34 DS-TB) receiving treatment in selected tuberculosis facilities. An air quality gas analyser was used for in-situ measurements of indoor and outdoor temperature, humidity, Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Total Volatile Organic Compound (TVOC), Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2), and Air quality index (AQI). Descriptive statistics and t-tests were used for this comparative analysis.
RESULTS:
The mean of PM2.5 levels was significantly higher in the DR-TB group (46.12 µg/m³) compared to the DS-TB group (29.12 µg/m³) (p= 0.009). Similarly, PM10 levels also showed a significant difference (58.79 µg/m³ for DR-TB vs. 37.18 µg/m³ for DS-TB, p=0.023). Outdoor air quality metrics also revealed significant differences between the two groups, with DR-TB respondents experiencing higher PM2.5 (78.94 µg/m³) and PM10 (102.41 µg/m³) levels compared to DS-TB respondents (38.74 µg/m³ and 51.35 µg/m³, respectively). When comparing the measured air quality levels with established safety standards, both indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and PM10 levels exceeded the recommended limits (15 µg/m³ for PM2.5 and 45 µg/m³ for PM10) for both DR-TB and DS-TB groups.
CONCLUSIONS:
This study found that DR-TB patients were exposed to significantly higher indoor and outdoor particulate matter levels, with PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀ concentrations exceeding recommended safety limits among both DR-TB and DS-TB patients. Integrating air quality intervention into TB prevention and control programmes is strongly recommended.
| eISSN: | 2654-1459 |
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