INTRODUCTION:
postpartum depression (PPD) remains one of the most common mental health complications after childbirth, affecting approximately 10–20% of mothers worldwide. it undermines maternal wellbeing, disrupts mother–infant bonding, and may contribute to long-term developmental difficulties in children. despite growing awareness, PPD often goes unrecognized, especially in healthcare systems where mental health is insufficiently integrated into routine maternal care.

METHODS:
this review synthesized findings from peer-reviewed publications indexed in PubMed, Scopus, and WHO databases between 2010 and 2024. search terms included “postpartum depression,” “maternal mental health,” “screening,” and “health systems.” inclusion criteria were systematic reviews, clinical guidelines, and studies addressing epidemiology, risk factors, screening practices, and healthcare responses to PPD.

RESULTS:
analysis of the literature revealed wide regional variation in prevalence, ranging from 8% to 25%. major barriers to timely diagnosis were the absence of standardized screening protocols in obstetric and pediatric care, limited availability of trained professionals, and cultural stigma surrounding mental health conditions. successful approaches included the routine use of validated tools such as the edinburgh postnatal depression scale, training of primary care providers, and integration of psychosocial support services into maternity programs. early identification and intervention consistently showed positive outcomes, reducing chronic depression and improving maternal–child health trajectories.

CONCLUSIONS:
PPD represents a neglected but modifiable public health challenge. prioritizing systematic screening, capacity building among healthcare providers, and destigmatization campaigns within maternal health services is essential. addressing PPD not only safeguards women’s mental health rights but also promotes equity and strengthens maternal and child health systems.