ABSTRACT:
This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the National Policy for Comprehensive Health of the Black Population (PNSIPN) in Brazil, as a public health policy focused on racial equity. Initially, we conducted a semi-systematic review of 47 articles available in SciELO (2000–2024) to map existing studies on the relationship between the health of the Black population and the PNSIPN. Secondary databases such as the Municipal Basic Information Survey from IBGE and reports from the Ministry of Health were also analyzed, assessing the municipalities’ adherence to the policy in their municipal plans, professional training, and the existence of specific management bodies. Thirdly, we systematized social and epidemiological indicators that show possible reductions in inequity, focusing on: maternal mortality, access to prenatal care, and tuberculosis incidence. The reviewed studies indicate that the National Policy for the Comprehensive Health of the Black Population (PNSIPN) has made greater progress in promoting debate on the health of the Black population than in effectively changing their health conditions. Our research revealed low adherence of municipalities to the PNSIPN, with only 30% including specific actions in health plans, and less than 7% with specific management bodies. There is also weakness in the training of professionals and a scarcity of data by race/color. The Black population continues to have worse indicators in maternal mortality, access to prenatal care, and tuberculosis incidence. The effective implementation of the PNSIPN is still far from its objectives. Structural obstacles persist, such as institutional racism, the absence of management bodies, and the low priority given to racial issues. To overcome these barriers, it is essential to strengthen the debate on racial inequality with robust public policies that are sensitive to the historical and social context of the Black population.