ABSTRACT:
Background. Vaccination uptake among immigrants and refugees in Poland has been limited by language barriers, documentation constraints, and unfamiliarity with the healthcare system.¹ The influx of Ukrainian refugees in 2022 highlighted the need for targeted vaccination support, including digital tools.² This study identified interventions supporting COVID-19 vaccination among emigrants and refugees in Poland and assessed implications for future strategies and health equity. Methods. Within the EUVABECO project, we conducted a scoping review of scientific and grey literature following PRISMA principles. Major bibliographic databases and institutional websites were searched for items published from January 2021 to July 2023. We identified 24 scientific publications and 137 reports/communications on vaccination-supporting interventions in Poland. After screening and full-text assessment, interventions were classified using the Cataldi framework³ as patient-focused, policy-oriented, or public health process-oriented. Results. In the final analysis, ten interventions were included. Most targeted Ukrainian refugees or Ukrainian immigrants (n=8); two addressed migrants and refugees more broadly. Five interventions were patient-focused and mainly provided informational or educational resources (e.g., vaccination guidance for Ukrainian citizens, multilingual pre-vaccination questionnaires, quarantine information, and materials promoting access), including one improving access to the Patient Online Account. Four interventions were policy-oriented and addressed legal regulations, governmental guidance, and administrative solutions, including a ministerial regulation ensuring access to COVID-19 vaccination, information on the National Immunization Program for Ukrainian citizens, and issuing referrals for migrants without standard documentation. One intervention was public health process-oriented and described system-level arrangements for COVID-19 vaccination and Ukrainian refugees. None of the interventions explicitly included community engagement mechanisms, behavior change strategies, or culturally tailored approaches. Conclusions. Vaccination support has largely emphasized access facilitation and information provision. Future programmes should integrate community involvement, culturally and linguistically adapted communication, and behaviorally informed components to strengthen acceptance and reduce inequities across diverse migrant groups.