Smoking profile and associated factors among primary health care users in a brazilian municipality
1
Medical Graduation, Higher School of Sciences of the Santa Casa de Misericórdia of Vitória - EMESCAM, Vitória, Brazil
2
Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
Popul. Med. 2026;8(Supplement Supplement 1):A1532
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Smoking remains an important public health problem, associated with high morbidity and mortality and significant impacts on quality of life. In Primary Health Care (PHC), identifying the profile of smokers is essential for planning preventive actions and tobacco cessation strategies.
METHODS:
This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and quantitative study conducted with users aged over 17 years attending Primary Health Care Units in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil between September 2024 and September 2025. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire based on validated instruments, including items from the Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA) questionnaire for clinical analysis of smoking. Sociodemographic, clinical, and tobacco use–related variables were analyzed. Smoking was defined as the use of any form of tobacco. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS, version 31, with descriptive statistics and chi-square tests, adopting a significance level of p<0.05.
RESULTS:
A total of 641 users participated, with a mean age of 52.1 years, a predominance of females (68.1%), and a higher concentration of individuals aged 60 years or older. Current smokers accounted for 13.9% of participants, while 18.7% were former smokers. The mean age of smoking initiation was 18 years, and the average exposure was 17.75 pack-years, ranging up to 165 pack-years. The predominant form of tobacco use was conventional cigarettes (22.2%). Smoking showed a statistically significant association with male sex, lower educational level, lower family income, single marital status, and Black race/ethnicity.
CONCLUSIONS:
Smoking prevalence among PHC users in Vitória remains relevant, the identified profile indicates greater vulnerability among men and individuals in less favorable socioeconomic contexts, reflecting social health inequalities. These findings highlight the need for targeted and intersectoral strategies for smoking prevention and cessation, strengthening the role of PHC in addressing tobacco use in the Brazilian context.
Smoking remains an important public health problem, associated with high morbidity and mortality and significant impacts on quality of life. In Primary Health Care (PHC), identifying the profile of smokers is essential for planning preventive actions and tobacco cessation strategies.
METHODS:
This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and quantitative study conducted with users aged over 17 years attending Primary Health Care Units in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil between September 2024 and September 2025. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire based on validated instruments, including items from the Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA) questionnaire for clinical analysis of smoking. Sociodemographic, clinical, and tobacco use–related variables were analyzed. Smoking was defined as the use of any form of tobacco. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS, version 31, with descriptive statistics and chi-square tests, adopting a significance level of p<0.05.
RESULTS:
A total of 641 users participated, with a mean age of 52.1 years, a predominance of females (68.1%), and a higher concentration of individuals aged 60 years or older. Current smokers accounted for 13.9% of participants, while 18.7% were former smokers. The mean age of smoking initiation was 18 years, and the average exposure was 17.75 pack-years, ranging up to 165 pack-years. The predominant form of tobacco use was conventional cigarettes (22.2%). Smoking showed a statistically significant association with male sex, lower educational level, lower family income, single marital status, and Black race/ethnicity.
CONCLUSIONS:
Smoking prevalence among PHC users in Vitória remains relevant, the identified profile indicates greater vulnerability among men and individuals in less favorable socioeconomic contexts, reflecting social health inequalities. These findings highlight the need for targeted and intersectoral strategies for smoking prevention and cessation, strengthening the role of PHC in addressing tobacco use in the Brazilian context.
| eISSN: | 2654-1459 |
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