Sociodemographic and mental health characteristics of people with HIV and HIV/TB in the Neuropsychiatric Genetics of African Populations–Psychosis study
1
1 Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States
2
2 Broad Institute, Cambridge, United States
3
3 University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Popul. Med. 2026;8(Supplement Supplement 1):A2525
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION:
Identifying patterns of psychological correlates and substance use among persons with HIV and TB is critical, as evidence demonstrates these factors can impact health outcomes and treatment engagement. We investigated such characteristics among people with HIV and HIV/TB within the Neuropsychiatric Genetics of African Populations study, which identified genetic and environmental risk factors associated with psychotic disorders in Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, and Uganda (2018-2023). This work leverages one of the most extensive datasets of its kind in Africa.
METHODS:
Only individuals without diagnosis of psychotic disorders were included (N=20697). We collected demographics and information on trauma exposure (Life Events Checklist), substance use (ASSIST), and psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale). To investigate trends by diagnostic status, participants were categorized as having: history of both HIV/TB, history of HIV only, history of TB only, and no diagnostic history.
RESULTS:
56.37% (N=11666) of participants were male. People with no diagnostic history were more often college educated (34.8%, N=6066) and younger (34%, range 18-29). Across HIV and TB diagnostic categories, 2.9% (N=598) of participants reported: history of both HIV/TB, 9.4% (N=1941) history of HIV only, 3.6% (N=738) history of TB only, and 84.2% (N=17420) no diagnostic history. Most participants with both HIV/TB were from South Africa (41.3%; N=247), with HIV only were from Uganda (36.9%; N=716), and with TB only were from South Africa (49.9%; N=368). People in the history of both HIV/TB and TB only groups reported the highest number of lifetime trauma exposures (58.9%, N=352 and 59.3%, N=438, respectively) and the highest levels of alcohol/tobacco use and psychological distress.
CONCLUSIONS:
Analysis revealed differing clinical and demographic characteristics across countries and by HIV/TB status. There is a pressing public health need to quantify phenotypic variation across diverse populations and address the health implications of the intersections of these variations.
Identifying patterns of psychological correlates and substance use among persons with HIV and TB is critical, as evidence demonstrates these factors can impact health outcomes and treatment engagement. We investigated such characteristics among people with HIV and HIV/TB within the Neuropsychiatric Genetics of African Populations study, which identified genetic and environmental risk factors associated with psychotic disorders in Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, and Uganda (2018-2023). This work leverages one of the most extensive datasets of its kind in Africa.
METHODS:
Only individuals without diagnosis of psychotic disorders were included (N=20697). We collected demographics and information on trauma exposure (Life Events Checklist), substance use (ASSIST), and psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale). To investigate trends by diagnostic status, participants were categorized as having: history of both HIV/TB, history of HIV only, history of TB only, and no diagnostic history.
RESULTS:
56.37% (N=11666) of participants were male. People with no diagnostic history were more often college educated (34.8%, N=6066) and younger (34%, range 18-29). Across HIV and TB diagnostic categories, 2.9% (N=598) of participants reported: history of both HIV/TB, 9.4% (N=1941) history of HIV only, 3.6% (N=738) history of TB only, and 84.2% (N=17420) no diagnostic history. Most participants with both HIV/TB were from South Africa (41.3%; N=247), with HIV only were from Uganda (36.9%; N=716), and with TB only were from South Africa (49.9%; N=368). People in the history of both HIV/TB and TB only groups reported the highest number of lifetime trauma exposures (58.9%, N=352 and 59.3%, N=438, respectively) and the highest levels of alcohol/tobacco use and psychological distress.
CONCLUSIONS:
Analysis revealed differing clinical and demographic characteristics across countries and by HIV/TB status. There is a pressing public health need to quantify phenotypic variation across diverse populations and address the health implications of the intersections of these variations.
| eISSN: | 2654-1459 |
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