Targeting Inflammation and Oxidative Stress to Reduce Diabetes-Related Health Inequities: Evidence from Experimental Models
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, India
Popul. Med. 2026;8(Supplement Supplement 1):
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Diabetes mellitus is a leading non-communicable disease and a growing public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where access to affordable and effective therapies remains limited. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are central to the progression of diabetes and its cardiovascular and metabolic complications, contributing to avoidable morbidity and widening health inequities.
OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to examine the role of inflammatory and oxidative mechanisms in diabetes-associated metabolic dysfunction and to evaluate affordable pharmacological and bioactive interventions with potential relevance to public health prevention strategies.
METHODS:
Type-2 diabetes–like metabolic abnormalities were induced using streptozotocin-based experimental models. Glycaemic control, lipid profile, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory mediators, and histopathological changes in key organs were assessed. Selected low-cost pharmacological and bioactive agents were evaluated for antihyperglycaemic, anti-inflammatory, and organ-protective effects using biochemical, molecular, and histological approaches.
RESULTS:
Diabetic models exhibited significant hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress, and inflammatory activation, accompanied by structural damage to pancreatic, hepatic, and cardiovascular tissues. Interventions targeting inflammatory and oxidative pathways demonstrated improved metabolic parameters, reduced tissue injury, and modulation of key inflammatory mediators, indicating meaningful disease attenuation.
CONCLUSIONS:
Targeting inflammation and oxidative stress represents a viable strategy for preventing diabetes-related complications and addressing health inequities associated with non-communicable diseases. Policy and Community Implications Integrating affordable, evidence-based interventions into national diabetes prevention and control programmes could strengthen equitable access to care and reduce the public health burden of diabetes in resource-constrained settings.
Diabetes mellitus is a leading non-communicable disease and a growing public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where access to affordable and effective therapies remains limited. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are central to the progression of diabetes and its cardiovascular and metabolic complications, contributing to avoidable morbidity and widening health inequities.
OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to examine the role of inflammatory and oxidative mechanisms in diabetes-associated metabolic dysfunction and to evaluate affordable pharmacological and bioactive interventions with potential relevance to public health prevention strategies.
METHODS:
Type-2 diabetes–like metabolic abnormalities were induced using streptozotocin-based experimental models. Glycaemic control, lipid profile, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory mediators, and histopathological changes in key organs were assessed. Selected low-cost pharmacological and bioactive agents were evaluated for antihyperglycaemic, anti-inflammatory, and organ-protective effects using biochemical, molecular, and histological approaches.
RESULTS:
Diabetic models exhibited significant hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress, and inflammatory activation, accompanied by structural damage to pancreatic, hepatic, and cardiovascular tissues. Interventions targeting inflammatory and oxidative pathways demonstrated improved metabolic parameters, reduced tissue injury, and modulation of key inflammatory mediators, indicating meaningful disease attenuation.
CONCLUSIONS:
Targeting inflammation and oxidative stress represents a viable strategy for preventing diabetes-related complications and addressing health inequities associated with non-communicable diseases. Policy and Community Implications Integrating affordable, evidence-based interventions into national diabetes prevention and control programmes could strengthen equitable access to care and reduce the public health burden of diabetes in resource-constrained settings.
| eISSN: | 2654-1459 |
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