ABSTRACT:
Introduction. Medical rehabilitation of pediatric patients with oncological and hematological diseases is a complex interdisciplinary task. The uneven distribution of rehabilitation resources between regions necessitates the creation of unified approaches, taking into account territorial features. To analyze the existing models of medical rehabilitation in the subjects of the Russian Federation and develop a concept for optimizing rehabilitation care for children with oncohematological diseases. Methods. Analysis of the regulatory framework; a multicenter study (35 regions of the Russian Federation), which included a survey of medical professionals (n=278), an analysis of individual rehabilitation programs (n=155); evaluation of the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures, as well as the infrastructure of rehabilitation centers. Results. 3 main models of rehabilitation organization were identified: specialized departments in cancer centers (42%), general rehabilitation centers (35%), outpatient polyclinic service (23%). Key deficiencies have been identified: lack of multidisciplinary teams (68% of institutions), limited use of evidence-based methods (41%), lack of continuity between treatment stages (57%). The main disadvantage is the lack of centralized regional routing schemes for patients who need rehabilitation. Conclusions. In conclusion, the proposed model for organizing rehabilitation services offers a pathway to standardize approaches while adapting to regional capabilities, ensures seamless continuity across care stages, and ultimately enhances the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions. Future development should prioritize the creation of federal clinical guidelines, the active integration of telemedicine consultations to broaden access and expertise, and proactive patient navigation, particularly when regional rehabilitation centers are unavailable. These steps will be crucial for optimizing long-term outcomes and quality of life for pediatric oncology patients nationwide.