Epidemiology of cholera: insights from hospital-based surveillance at a tertiary care infectious diseases hospital, Bangladesh institute of tropical and infectious diseases, Bangladesh (2018–2022)
1
Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), MOHFW, Dhaka, Bangladesh
2
Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
3
Bangladesh Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases (BITID), Chattogram, Bangladesh
Popul. Med. 2026;8(Supplement Supplement 1):A642
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION:
Cholera continues to be a public health concern globally. Cholera surveillance provides information on disease burden and identifies outbreaks. This analysis aims to describe the demographic distribution and seasonal pattern of reported confirmed cholera cases at one surveillance site- Bangladesh Institute of Tropical and Infectious Disease (BITID), Chattogram.
METHODS:
Descriptive analysis was performed using secondary data from BITID between January 2018 and December 2022. According to the surveillance protocol, a suspected cholera case is an individual attending hospital with ≥ 3 loose stools within 24 hours or <3 loose stools causing dehydration, and a confirmed cholera case is a suspected case with Vibrio cholerae confirmed by microbiological culture.
RESULTS:
A total of 3699 suspected cases were reported. Among those, culture tests were done on 2620 cases, and 447 (17.06%) were confirmed for cholera. Among the confirmed cases, the median age was 30 years (IQR: 28), with the highest proportion (30.76%) among the ‘5 to 15 years’ age group. Females were 53.02%, and 73.58% of individuals had below-high school-level education. Among occupational groups, the highest proportion (30.43%) were housewives. The majority (63.98%) presented with loose-watery stools, 34.45% had rice-watery stools, 52.57% had a history of street food intake, and 35.36% had history of food intake from large gatherings. Notably, only seven (0.19%) suspected cases reported by the surveillance were from Outpatient Department (OPD) compared to 3692 (99.81%) from Inpatient Department (IPD), although the culture test positivity rate (%) was considerably higher (42.86%) in the OPD. Reporting of cases also showed two seasonal peaks in April–May and October–November.
CONCLUSIONS:
The comprehensive analysis of surveillance data from BITID, Bangladesh, has yielded valuable insights into the epidemiological trends and potential avenues for targeted interventions, which is useful for improving surveillance to decrease the burden of cholera.
Cholera continues to be a public health concern globally. Cholera surveillance provides information on disease burden and identifies outbreaks. This analysis aims to describe the demographic distribution and seasonal pattern of reported confirmed cholera cases at one surveillance site- Bangladesh Institute of Tropical and Infectious Disease (BITID), Chattogram.
METHODS:
Descriptive analysis was performed using secondary data from BITID between January 2018 and December 2022. According to the surveillance protocol, a suspected cholera case is an individual attending hospital with ≥ 3 loose stools within 24 hours or <3 loose stools causing dehydration, and a confirmed cholera case is a suspected case with Vibrio cholerae confirmed by microbiological culture.
RESULTS:
A total of 3699 suspected cases were reported. Among those, culture tests were done on 2620 cases, and 447 (17.06%) were confirmed for cholera. Among the confirmed cases, the median age was 30 years (IQR: 28), with the highest proportion (30.76%) among the ‘5 to 15 years’ age group. Females were 53.02%, and 73.58% of individuals had below-high school-level education. Among occupational groups, the highest proportion (30.43%) were housewives. The majority (63.98%) presented with loose-watery stools, 34.45% had rice-watery stools, 52.57% had a history of street food intake, and 35.36% had history of food intake from large gatherings. Notably, only seven (0.19%) suspected cases reported by the surveillance were from Outpatient Department (OPD) compared to 3692 (99.81%) from Inpatient Department (IPD), although the culture test positivity rate (%) was considerably higher (42.86%) in the OPD. Reporting of cases also showed two seasonal peaks in April–May and October–November.
CONCLUSIONS:
The comprehensive analysis of surveillance data from BITID, Bangladesh, has yielded valuable insights into the epidemiological trends and potential avenues for targeted interventions, which is useful for improving surveillance to decrease the burden of cholera.
| eISSN: | 2654-1459 |
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