Mobile-Based Educational Interventions for Maternal Nutrition in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review of Knowledge, Attitudes, Perceptions, and Adoption — A CFIR 2.0–Guided Implementation Analysis
1
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
2
University of Limpopo, Limpopo, South Africa
3
University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
Popul. Med. 2026;8(Supplement Supplement 1):A886
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT:
Maternal undernutrition and overnutrition remain major contributors to adverse pregnancy outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Mobile health technologies are increasingly promoted as scalable platforms for maternal nutrition education. This scoping review synthesises evidence on mobile-based maternal nutrition education interventions in LMICs, guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) 2.0. This scoping review followed Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. Empirical studies published between 2015 and 2025 evaluating mobile-based educational interventions for maternal nutrition among pregnant women, lactating mothers, family members, or healthcare providers in LMICs were included. Five electronic databases and grey literature sources were searched. Data were extracted and thematically synthesised, with findings mapped to CFIR 2.0 domains to examine implementation determinants related to knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and adoption. From 1,085 records identified, 281 duplicates were removed and 802 records were screened. Following full-text assessment of 123 articles, 49 studies were included. Over half of the included studies were conducted in South Asia (n = 25), followed by sub-Saharan Africa (n = 18) and South-East Asia (n = 6). Study designs were heterogeneous and included randomised controlled trials (n = 11), qualitative studies (n = 10), mixed-methods studies (n = 9), quasi-experimental designs (n = 8), cross-sectional studies (n = 7), and programme implementation or pilot studies (n = 4). CFIR 2.0 mapping identified key facilitators, including widespread phone ownership, supportive family structures, and alignment with national health platforms. Barriers included time constraints among women, high provider workload, poor network connectivity, and reliance on short-term donor funding. Adoption often declined following project completion unless interventions were embedded within routine health systems. Mobile-based educational interventions show promise for improving maternal nutrition knowledge and acceptability in LMICs. However, CFIR 2.0 analysis highlights the need for institutional integration, equity-oriented design, and long-term system embedding to support sustainable maternal nutrition outcomes.
Maternal undernutrition and overnutrition remain major contributors to adverse pregnancy outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Mobile health technologies are increasingly promoted as scalable platforms for maternal nutrition education. This scoping review synthesises evidence on mobile-based maternal nutrition education interventions in LMICs, guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) 2.0. This scoping review followed Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. Empirical studies published between 2015 and 2025 evaluating mobile-based educational interventions for maternal nutrition among pregnant women, lactating mothers, family members, or healthcare providers in LMICs were included. Five electronic databases and grey literature sources were searched. Data were extracted and thematically synthesised, with findings mapped to CFIR 2.0 domains to examine implementation determinants related to knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and adoption. From 1,085 records identified, 281 duplicates were removed and 802 records were screened. Following full-text assessment of 123 articles, 49 studies were included. Over half of the included studies were conducted in South Asia (n = 25), followed by sub-Saharan Africa (n = 18) and South-East Asia (n = 6). Study designs were heterogeneous and included randomised controlled trials (n = 11), qualitative studies (n = 10), mixed-methods studies (n = 9), quasi-experimental designs (n = 8), cross-sectional studies (n = 7), and programme implementation or pilot studies (n = 4). CFIR 2.0 mapping identified key facilitators, including widespread phone ownership, supportive family structures, and alignment with national health platforms. Barriers included time constraints among women, high provider workload, poor network connectivity, and reliance on short-term donor funding. Adoption often declined following project completion unless interventions were embedded within routine health systems. Mobile-based educational interventions show promise for improving maternal nutrition knowledge and acceptability in LMICs. However, CFIR 2.0 analysis highlights the need for institutional integration, equity-oriented design, and long-term system embedding to support sustainable maternal nutrition outcomes.
| eISSN: | 2654-1459 |
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