Objectively measured sleep is associated with cardiometabolic health in African-origin populations
1
Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, United States
2
Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, United States
3
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, United States
4
Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre & Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
5
University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland
6
Ministry of Health (Republic of Seychelles), Victoria, Seychelles
7
Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
8
Solutions for Developing Countries, University of West Indies - Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
9
Department of Pediatrics and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Deigo, La Jolla, United States
10
Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, United States
11
Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Popul. Med. 2026;8(Supplement Supplement 1):A2999
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Urbanization and economic development are associated with an increase in circadian misalignment as modern 24-7 “on-demand” societies require night and early morning work hours. Evidence suggests that both short sleep and sleep disruption are associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. Leveraging the Modeling the Epidemiologic Transition Study (METS), a study of cardiometabolic disease risk in African-origin populations, we explored differences in objectively measured sleep/wake behavior across the 5 international cohorts.
METHODS:
METS recruited 1000 African-origin adults, 35-55 years old (63% women), from research sites in rural Ghana, peri-urban South Africa, urban Jamaica, urban Seychelles and suburban Chicago. Objectively measured sleep health data were collected using actigraphy. Actigraphic sleep was scored according to the criteria of Patel and colleagues (SLEEP 2015; 38(9)), from which sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and sleep timing variability were derived.
RESULTS:
Mean sleep duration was highest in South Africa (9.2 ± 1.4 hours and shortest in Seychelles (433.1±59 mins). Sleep efficiency was highest in Seychelles participants (86.7±4.5% and 51.6±21mins). Sleep duration and wake time intraindividual variability were highest among both the South African and US participants. After adjustment for confounders, sleep efficiency was lower in Ghana, South Africa and Jamaica when compared to US (GH β: -3.0, RSA: -5.5, JA:-1.3, p<0.05 for all) and significantly higher in Seychelles when compared to US (SY β: 1.4; p=0.02). Finally, with all sites pooled, sleep duration was significantly shorter among women, however they had higher sleep efficiently. Short sleep duration was associated with obesity in men. Interestingly, both short and long sleep were associated with obesity in women.
CONCLUSIONS:
Sleep duration, timing and efficiency differ by country and sex, likely driven by socio-economic variables. Sleep is a modifiable risk factor, thus, understanding sleep patterns in different contexts is needed to make informed and culturally appropriate health recommendations.
Urbanization and economic development are associated with an increase in circadian misalignment as modern 24-7 “on-demand” societies require night and early morning work hours. Evidence suggests that both short sleep and sleep disruption are associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. Leveraging the Modeling the Epidemiologic Transition Study (METS), a study of cardiometabolic disease risk in African-origin populations, we explored differences in objectively measured sleep/wake behavior across the 5 international cohorts.
METHODS:
METS recruited 1000 African-origin adults, 35-55 years old (63% women), from research sites in rural Ghana, peri-urban South Africa, urban Jamaica, urban Seychelles and suburban Chicago. Objectively measured sleep health data were collected using actigraphy. Actigraphic sleep was scored according to the criteria of Patel and colleagues (SLEEP 2015; 38(9)), from which sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and sleep timing variability were derived.
RESULTS:
Mean sleep duration was highest in South Africa (9.2 ± 1.4 hours and shortest in Seychelles (433.1±59 mins). Sleep efficiency was highest in Seychelles participants (86.7±4.5% and 51.6±21mins). Sleep duration and wake time intraindividual variability were highest among both the South African and US participants. After adjustment for confounders, sleep efficiency was lower in Ghana, South Africa and Jamaica when compared to US (GH β: -3.0, RSA: -5.5, JA:-1.3, p<0.05 for all) and significantly higher in Seychelles when compared to US (SY β: 1.4; p=0.02). Finally, with all sites pooled, sleep duration was significantly shorter among women, however they had higher sleep efficiently. Short sleep duration was associated with obesity in men. Interestingly, both short and long sleep were associated with obesity in women.
CONCLUSIONS:
Sleep duration, timing and efficiency differ by country and sex, likely driven by socio-economic variables. Sleep is a modifiable risk factor, thus, understanding sleep patterns in different contexts is needed to make informed and culturally appropriate health recommendations.
| eISSN: | 2654-1459 |
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