BACKGROUND:
Physical inactivity remains a major public health challenge despite increasing policy attention and national initiatives in Saudi Arabia. Comprehensive evidence linking physical activity behaviors with awareness, barriers, motivators, and enabling contexts at the national level is limited.

METHODS:
A national cross-sectional online survey was conducted among adults in Saudi Arabia (n = 7,799). Physical activity and sedentary behavior were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and perceived benefits and barriers were measured using the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale. Descriptive and inferential analyses examined physical activity patterns and sociodemographic correlates, and logistic regression identified predictors of achieving sufficient physical activity (≥600 MET-minutes/week).

RESULTS:
Less than half of participants were familiar with physical activity guidelines, and only one-quarter reported participation in community-based programs. Overall, 62.3% met the WHO-recommended PA level (≥600 MET-min/week), with higher activity reported by males, higher-income individuals, and residents of the Eastern region. Walking was the most common activity, while engagement in high-intensity activity was low, and sedentary behavior was prevalent. Women and married individuals were less likely to achieve sufficient physical activity. Although most respondents perceived the availability of safe and accessible spaces, utilization was limited. Key barriers included time constraints, cost, and climatic conditions, while motivators centered on health, enjoyment, and stress relief.

CONCLUSIONS:
Despite recent progress, important gaps persist between awareness, opportunity, and sustained engagement. Integrated strategies that address behavioral, environmental, and contextual factors are needed to support equitable improvements in physical activity across the population.