INTRODUCTION:
Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child, and Adolescent Health plus Nutrition (RMNCAH+N) represents a critical part of public health concerns, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to examine and highlight the trend and geospatial patterns of RMNCAH indicator outcomes over a 5-year span across local government areas (LGAs) in Oyo State, Nigeria.

METHODS:
The study employed a descriptive repeated cross-sectional design to assess the temporal trends and patterns in the RMNCAH indicators in Oyo state. Secondary data, including all 33 LGAs within the study period (2020 – 2024), was obtained from the RMNCAH+N scorecards and DHIS2 of the Oyo State Ministry of Health. Metric counts were visualized with a time-series plot using STATA. ArcGIS Pro 3.6 was used to generate choropleth maps and the spatial distribution of key indicators.

RESULTS:
From 2020 to 2024, Oyo State recorded significant increases in 13 of the 14 indicators assessed, with pregnant women who received Long Lasting Insecticide-treated Nets (LLIN) being the outlier, recording its second lowest figure (15615) in 2024. New cases of diarrhea in children <5 years steadily declined from 2020 until its sudden growth by 18% from 2023 to 2024. The number of new cases of pneumonia in children <5 years saw its second-highest peak in 2024, depicting worsening child health outcomes in Oyo State.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study shows both progress and persistent disparities in RMNCAH+N indicators across Oyo State. By employing geospatial mapping, the study underscores the significance of disaggregated data in revealing hidden inequalities and informing targeted interventions.