ABSTRACT:
Background Occupational accidents involving biological material are a major public health concern, especially for healthcare workers, due to the risk of bloodborne pathogen transmission. In Brazil, despite compulsory notification, regional inequalities and structural issues affect reporting quality. Analyzing temporal trends and epidemiological profiles is essential to improve surveillance and prevention strategies. Methods An ecological study was conducted using secondary data from the Brazilian Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) between 2014 and 2024. Annual proportions of notifications were calculated relative to the total cases in the period. Variables included sex, age, education, race, region, accident evolution, agent type, and material involved. Data were analyzed descriptively using tables and trend graphs. Results Notifications showed a predominance of female workers (76.8%), aged 20–34 years (53.4%), and those with completed secondary education. The Southeast region held the largest proportion of notifications (46.4%), followed by the South, which maintained a significant share throughout the period. Blood was the most frequent material (73.9%), and hollow-bore needles were the main causative agents (55.1%). A growing trend in annual proportions was observed, with a sharp decline in 2020 followed by increases in subsequent years. Conclusion These accidents remain a persistent public health challenge in Brazil. The rising annual proportion of notifications reflects both surveillance improvements and the persistence of unsafe working conditions. Strengthening biosafety, continuous education, and institutional accountability are vital to reduce risks and ensure safer work environments.